Fluid engine



Aug. 30, 1927.

1,640,616 A. R. D. REESE FLUID ENGINE OriEin'al Filed Dec. 24, 1 925 s Sheets-Sheet.)

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' A. R. D. REEsE FLUID ENGINE Original Filed Dec. 24. 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 13:1- El I T 1,640,616 Aug- 1927' A. R. D. REESE mum ENGINE Original Filed Dec. 24 1925 s sheets-shaw- QM, as

Patented Aug. 30, 1927.

vPATENT OFFICE.

ALBA :afn. REESE, or BISIBEE, ARIZONA.

FLUID ENGINE.

Application filed December 24, 1925, Serial No. 77,548. Renewed January 27, 1927.

My invention aims to provide-a rather simple yet an exceptionally powerful engine, having a master cylinder containing a master piston which is operated by fluid supplied under pressure from a plurality of force pumps, the construction being such that only a small amount of power compared to that derived from the engine is necessary to actuate said pumps. 1

Another object of the invention is to provide an engine of the type set forth in which the master cylinder, the fluid reservoir, the pumps, etc, are all compactly related.

With the foregoing in view, the invention resides in the novel subject matter hereinafter described and claimed, the description being supplemented by the accompanying. drawings. f p

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view on the plane indicated by line 11 of Fig. 2 showing the master piston at the end of its working stroke.

Figure 2 is a vertical section at right an gles to Fig. 1 as indicated by line 22 of the latter. I

Figure 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing the master piston at the end of its exhaust stroke which is the beginning of its power stroke.

Figure 4. is a top plan view.

Figure 5 is a 'on the plane indicated'by line 5 5 of F 1g. 2. v I

Figure 6 is an enlarged detail sectional view partly in may be used ifdesired, this structure being shown in open position.

{Figure 7 is aview similar to Fig. 6 but showing the valvestructureclosed. Figure 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 6.

The form of construction herein dis; closed may be considered as preferred. and

while this. construction will be hereinafter specifically described, that within thescope of the invention as claimed, variations may be made.

The 'nuinerals9 designates a master; cylinder" which is disposed vertically and :pro-

vided at its upper end with a head 10, the

'lower end of said cylinder being also closed by aplate 11. A master 'piston'12 is mounted-in the cylinder 9' and acrankshaft 13 isjprovid ed below said cylipder, appropriate the head 10, a fluid reservoir.

of spaced openings 23, for a purpose to ap- 3 horizontal sectional view elevation showing a cli'ii 'ei.' ent form of exhaust valve structure wh1ch it is to be understood connecting means such as the piston rod 1 1- and pitman 15, being provided between the master piston 12 and said crank shaft. The rod 1st passes through an opening 16 in the plate 11 and suitable packing means (not shown) may be provided. at this point to prevent leakage of fluid around the rod.

lit 17, a cross head is shown connected with the rod l land the pitman and slidably engaged with appropriate guideslS. The

crank shaft 13 is shownmounted in bearings 19 -upon a base 20, from which supports 21 rise to carry the cylinder 9 and associated parts. Iwish it understood however that allvparts below the cylinder having any. movement in the operation ofthe engine. may well be encased in a crank case if desired, instead of employing the base and supports 21.

w A jacket 22 surrounds the master cylinder 9, and the space between said jacket and cylinder forms with the hollow interior of A plurality pear, are formed through the wall of the cylinder 9 to establish communication first between the lower end of the cylinder and the reservoir and then between'the upper portion of said cylinder and the reservoir,

said openings being controlled by the pistom 12. These openings are located near the lower end of the cylinder and'they establish communication between the fluid reservoir and they cylinder space under the piston. 12 until the latter nears the lower end of its working stroke. The piston then passes across the openin s andlater assumes a position below them as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. V i

Radial passages 24 are in valved communication with thelower end of the master cylinder 9; by means of outwardly opening check valves 25, the outer ends of these passages being in communication with a plurality of relativelysmall, auxiliary cyl inders 26 which may well be cast integrally with themaster cylinder and its jacket, and closed at theirlower ends by the plate 11. Other passages 27 are formed within; the fluid reservoir, tl ie upper endsof these passages comrnunicating at 28 with I the upper end of the master cylinder 9, while their lower ends are in valved communication withthe passages 24,;by upwardly opening. check-valves 29.; H H

1 Auxiliary or pump pistons ,30 are slidable ill as at 36. to one of these shafts.

in the auxiliary cylinders 26 and may well be raised by springs 31. Upon each ascent of these pistons, they draw fluid from the fluid reservoir and the interior of the master cylinder 9, through the passages 21 and into the auxiliary cylinders 26, as will be clear from an inspection of Fig. l Vhen the pistons 30 are forced downwardly however,

they drive the fluid through the passages 2'? and into the master cylinder 9 above its piston 12 so as to effect a downward or working stroke of the latter. For so depressing the pistons 30, I prefer to make use of a pair of shafts 32 having cams 33 for engaging the upper ends of said pistons. I have shown these shafts connected with each other by sprockets and a chain 3%, and a driving motor 35 has been illustrated, geared The two shafts 32 are rapidly operated and the pumps actuated thereby supply the fluid to the master cylinder 9 to force the master piston 12 thereof downwardly upon its workingstrokes. In a single cylinder engine, momentum, stored for instance in a fly-wheel, is relied upon to raise the piston, but I also contemplate multiple cylinder engines in which the power from the several cylinders overlaps and thus each piston is raised by the power-stroke of another piston. During the upward piston travel, exhaust of fluid takes place from the upper end of the cylinder into the fluid reservoir, through exhaust means to be hereinafter described, and as soon as the piston 12 uncovers the openings 23, fluid from the reservoir may enter the cylinder 9 under said pistons as will be clear from Fig. 3.

A plurality of exhaust ports 37 are shown from the upper end of the master cylinder 9, into the portion of the fluid reservoir within the head 10, and an inwardly opening valve 38 is provided for said exhaust ports. In the pr sent showing, this valve is carried by a spring-raised stem 39 which co-operates with an appropriate rocker 10, the latter being operatively associated. with a push rod 41 which is actuated by a cam shaft 42 suitably geared to the crank shaft 13. The

valve 38 isof course closed when fluid forced through the passages 27 into the upper end of the cylinder .9, is driving the master piston 12 downwardly. hen this working stroke is completed however, the exhaust valve 38 opens as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. During descent of the piston 12, as soon as the latter passes the openings 23. some of the fluid from the upper portion of the cylinder 9 may run through these openings into the fluid reservoir. ascends, the remainder of the fluid from the As the piston, then cylinder 9 is exhausted through the ports 37, into said reservoir, and by the time the exhaust stroke is complete, the valve 38 again closes and another. power stroke will cent the upper end of this cylinder. These ports are controll d by valve plates Me which siidably engage the cylinder wall.

plates is provided with two parallel inward pro ect1ons 4:5 slidably received in sockets .46, said sockets projecting outwardly from a head 4c? carried by a neck .48, said neck being secured to the valve 38. The valve plates 44 are pressed against the wall. of the cylinder 9 by short coiled springs 4l9 arranged between the plates. and the heads 47. It will thus be seen that opening andclosing movements of this valve 38, will similarly move the valve plates a l to open and closed positions.

By employing the valve construction just described, quick exhaust of fluid from the cylinder may take place'so that the piston In the 3 construction shown, each of these valve 12 encounters little resistance on its upward strokes.

The improved engine is rather simple and inexpensive, yet will be highly efficient. The fluid used in its operation is preferably, al.- though not necessarily oil, and the engine merely utilizes well known laws of pressure or hydraulics, in its operation. If the piston 12 be of an area, say tent-imes as great as'thecombined areas of the pistons 30, the force will'be multiplied in the same proportion, it being of course understood that the movement of the piston 12-isslow with respect to the travel of the auxiliary pistons 30.

As good results are. obtainable from the general structure disclosed, it may if desired be followed. forth, variations may be made within the scope of the invention as claimed. instance, instead of having the cams 33 act directly on'the plungers 30, rockers similar to therockers 40'may be interposedbetween said cams and plungers, if desired. I

I claim 7 7 Q 1. A fluid engine comprising a master cylinder and a master piston therein, aicirank shaft and connecting means between the same and the master piston, a fluid "reservoir surrounding the master cylinder, a pin-- rality of force pumps in valved communi cation with said fluid reservoir and said master cylinder, means independent of said crank shaft for operating said pumps to However, as above set- For.

fluid into the master cylinderto oper-' ate the master piston, and fluid exhaust means from said cylinder to said fluid reservoir, including valve means synchronized with the crank shaft. 7

2. A fluid engine comprising a master cylinder and a master piston therein, a crank shaft and connecting means between the same and the master piston, a fluid reservoir surrounding the master cylinder, a plurality of auxiliary cylinders in valved communication with said reservoir and said master cylinder, auxiliary pistons in said auxiliary cylinders for drawing fluid from said reservoir and forcing it into said master cylinder to operate the master piston, means independent of said crank shaft for operating said auxiliary pistons, and valved fluid exhaust means from said master cylinder to said fluid reservoir, including valve means synchronized with the crank shaft.

3. A fluid engine comprising a master cylinder and a master piston therein, a crank shaft and connecting means between the same and said master piston, a fluid reservoir surrounding the master cylinder, the latter having openings into said reservoir con trolled by said master piston, passages in valved communication with the lower' end of said master cylinder, a plurality of auxiliary cylindersin communication with said passages, fluid supply passages for the master cylinder leading to the upper end of the latter and in valved communication 7 with said auxiliary cylinders, auxiliary pistons in said auxiliary cylnders for drawing fluid from the lower end of the master cylinder and the fluid reservoir and forclng it into the master cylinder to operate the master piston, and exhaust means from the upper end of the master cylinder into the fluid reservoir including valve means synchronized with the crank shaft.

l. In a fluid engine, a cylinder having main exhaust portage in its head and an inwardly opening valve therefor, said cylinder also having additional exhaust ports through its wall adjacent said head, and

spring-pressed valve means for said additional ports, said spring-pressed valve means being carried by said first named valve and slidably engaging said cylinder wall.

5. A fluid engine comprising a master cylinder and a master piston therein, a crank shaft and connecting means between the same and the master piston, a jacket surrounding said master cylinder and spaced therefrom, a hollow head on one end of said cylinder and connecting therewith and with thespace hetweensaid acket and cylinder, said space and hollow head forming a fluid reservoir, a valve to open and close the communication between said hollow head and cylinder,

means synchronized with said crank shaft for operating said valve, a plurality of force pumps in valved communication with said master cylinder, and means for operating said pumps to inject fluid into the master cylinder to operate said master piston.

In testimony whereof I have. hereunto affixed my signature.

ALBA R. D. REESE. 

